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Chilo partellus
''Chilo partellus'', the spotted stalk borer, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Swinhoe in 1885. It is found in India, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and on Mayotte.〔(Afro Moths )〕
''C. partellus'' is a pest that was introduced to Africa most likely from India in the early 20th century. After arriving in Africa, it has spread to nearly all countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, and it is assumed that it is spreading to Western Africa. ''C. partellus'' is indigenous to Asia and became established in Eastern Africa in the early 1930s.〔(Mohamed, H. M., Khan, Z. R., Overholt, W. A., & Elizabeth, D. K. (2004). Behaviour and biology of ''Chilo partellus'' (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on maize and wild gramineous plants. ''International Journal of Tropical Insect Science'', 24(04), 287-297 )〕
''C. partellus'' is one of the economically most damaging pests in Asia and Africa, attacking all parts of the plant except the roots.〔(Kamala, V., Sharma, H. C., Manohar Rao, D., Varaprasad, K. S., Bramel, P. J., & Chandra, S. (2012). Interactions of spotted stem borer ''Chilo partellus'' with wild relatives of sorghum. ''Plant Breeding'', 131(4), 511-521. )〕
==Habitat==
''C. partellus'' has rapidly spread over a wide geographical range and due to this expansion they have proven to be a very efficient colonizer and devastating pest wherever they may occur. In general, ''C. partellus'' occurs in low to mid latitudes (<1500) and warmer areas. However, they can now be found in higher elevations such as Ethiopia at 2088m.〔(Tamiru, A., Getu, E., Jembere, B., & Bruce, T. (2012). Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development and fecundity of ''Chilo partellus'' (Swinhoe)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae). ''Bulletin of Entomological Research'', 102(01), 9-15. )〕
''C. partellus'' is highly invasive and can full or partially displace other indigenous stemborer species such as ''Busseola fusca'' and ''Chilo orichalcociliellus''. Factors such as temperature and humidity can have a significant impact on the survival and establishment of adult ''C. partellus'' in new ecological niches.〔(Tamiru, A., Getu, E., Jembere, B., & Bruce, T. (2012). Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development and fecundity of ''Chilo partellus'' (Swinhoe)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae). ''Bulletin of Entomological Research'', 102(01), 9-15. )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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